Protection of Double-Circuit Line with Thyristor Controlled Series Capacitor Using Principal Component Analysis

In this paper, a fault direction estimation algorithm is proposed for a double-circuit line with thyristor controlled series capacitor (TCSC) using principal component analysis (PCA)-based technique. In case of PCA, an orthogonal transformation is used to convert correlated variables into linearly uncorrelated variables called principal components. Fault in such a compensated line leads to voltage inversion, current inversion, and subsynchronous resonance situations, which affect the performance of the conventional direction estimation process. Transients associated with metal oxide varistor (MOV) operation and control action associated with TCSC, further modulate equivalent impedance of TCSC and MOV combination. In the proposed approach, PCA of angles between positive and negative sequence components of voltage current has been carried out to extract the pattern and to declare the fault direction accurately. The double-circuit line with TCSC is simulated using PSCAD/EMTDC software. The performance of the proposed technique is tested for numerous test cases, and it was found to be accurate.     

Short Circuit Current Calculation Method of Doubly-Fed Induction Generator with Crowbar Protection Based on Flux Transient Characteristics

With the wide application of doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG), accurate calculation and analysis of the short circuit currents of DFIG with crowbar protection has become very important key to realizing the low voltage ride through (LVRT) capability of DFIG and establishing the corresponding grid protection scheme. In view of this, a method to calculate the short circuit currents of DFIG with crowbar protection when different types of fault occur in the grid is proposed in this paper. First, the DFIG stator and rotor 2nd-order differential equations in the cases of grid symmetrical fault and asymmetrical fault are established respectively. And the short circuit current calculation model when crowbar resistance remains unchanged in the fault duration is obtained. On this basis, the short circuit current calculation model when crowbar resistance varies in the fault duration is derived. And then, the influence of crowbar resistance and DFIG rotor speed on the short circuit current calculation model is analyzed, including the variation pattern of flux eigenvalues with the crowbar resistance, and the variation feature of flux amplitude and phase angle with the rotor speed. Besides, the transient variation characteristics of different flux components are studied. Finally, time-domain simulation tests verify that the proposed calculation method is correct and applicable to different types of crowbar circuits in the market. Besides, the influence of crowbar resistance and DFIG rotor speed on the stator short circuit current peak, peak time and current frequency in different fault cases is revealed.     

缅甸莱比塘铜矿生物堆浸场翻堆提升浸出效果工业实践

针对缅甸莱比塘辉铜矿生物堆浸场生产,建立了完整的翻堆作业技术体系,包括作业节点判定、翻堆工艺、过程控制、效果评价等,通过机械手段将矿堆内部结构重组,改善渗滤性和浸出效果,稳定矿堆地质结构。对9个单元堆进行了翻堆作业,日均浸出速率平均增加0.86~4.09倍,浸出铜产量净增2648.38t,经济收益增加总计17739547美元,产量和经济效益均非常明显。     

氧化亚铁硫杆菌的固定化连续培养试验

在前人研究基础上,创新性地提出采用50%接种率并逐次降低接种率循环回流的方法,开展氧化亚铁硫杆菌的固定化培养试验。结果表明,该方法可以在接种9次,历时10d内完成细菌固定化,固定化完成时的平均亚铁氧化速率可达0.31～0.61g/(L·h);在同等条件下,固定化细胞对亚铁的平均氧化速率是游离细胞20%接种率时的5倍,40%接种率时的4倍;连续培养阶段,不同材料、不同柱高固定化细菌的亚铁氧化速率最高可达6.67g/(L·h);可选用55cm高沸石柱为后续柱浸试验培养活性菌液。     

电网电压不平衡及谐波畸变时基波电压正负序分量分离新方法

针对传统锁相环(PLL)在电网电压不平衡及谐波畸变下利用常规软件锁相环不能准确获取相位的问题,提出了一种新的正负序分量分离新方法。利用了相序解耦谐振控制器能去除高次谐波和延时信号消除(DSC)法可滤除特定谐波的特性,将相序解耦谐振和延时信号消除法结合起来,达到更好的正负序分量分离的效果。最后,采用MATLAB/Simulink软件仿真结果证明了所提出方法的可行性和有效性。     

110 kV电阻接地系统零序方向电流保护的整定研究

中性点经合适阻值的电阻接地,能有效抑制单相接地故障造成的负荷侧电压暂降,明显提高供电质量。但中性点电阻的接入改变了系统的零序阻抗,导致零序电流、电压的大小和分布以及它们之间的相位差与中性点直接接地系统有很大的不同。通过对其零序电流电压特点的分析,推导出110 kV中性点经电阻接地系统零序电流保护的整定计算方法,修正了中性点经电阻接地系统零序方向元件的动作条件。据此对一个改造的110 kV系统进行了整定计算,并通过现场试验和试运行证明了其正确性。     

永富直流三种功率输送方式在线转换直流过电压仿真研究

永富工程在进行3种功率输送方式在线转换操作时会产生不同程度的直流过电压。为了研究在线转换操作对直流过电压影响,通过RTDS进行仿真,在不同直流功率水平下进行功率输送方式的在线转换操作试验。根据试验数据和波形,研究分析了直流操作过电压发生的规律和原因,确定了功率输送方式在线转换操作的安全功率水平值。并得出如下结论:直流操作过电压水平与直流输送功率成正比例关系,在安全功率水平下进行在线转换操作可以避免出现较大操作过电压。研究结果为工程以后的实际运行提供了参考和借鉴价值。     

三相SPWM调制时的谐波相序及“零序”谐波流动

对于三相逆变电路中广泛采用的共用一个载波的三相正弦脉冲宽度调制(SPWM),当载波比不是3的整数倍数时,会出现"零序"(3k次)谐波电流的流动。"零序"谐波具有对称性,其相序有可能为正,也有可能为负,且传统概念上谐波的正序变为了负序,而谐波的负序变为了正序。这些现象对于三相系统的正常运行将带来不利影响。为此,对共用一个载波的三相SPWM调制在不同载波比时的谐波相序特性及"零序"(3k次)谐波电流流动现象进行了深入分析,为三相SPWM的调制方法应用提供了依据。理论、仿真和实验验证了分析方法和结论的正确性。     

基于轮廓分析与三阶不变矩的旋转目标定位算法

为了解决当前图像定位算法在识别旋转与缩放工件目标时,存在定位成功率不高的问题,提出了基于轮廓分析与不变矩特征的旋转目标定位算法.首先,采用自适应二值化对图像进行预处理,并遍历图像轮廓,完成轮廓序列提取与面积计算,实现对杂质干扰的排除.然后构建三阶不变矩,计算逐一计算图像轮廓序列的三阶不变矩特征,从而建立定位度函数,与模板目标的不变矩特征比较,完成对旋转缩放工件目标定位.实验测试结果表明,与当前图像定位算法相比,在面对缩放十旋转干扰时,本算法拥有更高的定位成功率与鲁棒性.     

励磁涌流下直流50 Hz谐波运行特性分析及应用

近几年南方电网发生了多起因换流变压器空投而导致的直流50 Hz保护误动事件。针对这个问题,分析励磁涌流下直流中50Hz谐波运行特性的基础上,结合影响规律提出了换流变空投前的交流系统强度边界及直流功率边界。先是分析了不同谐波源下直流50 Hz谐波特征,全面梳理了影响换流变涌流谐波的产生和传递的因素;基于PSCAD/EMTDC仿真平台,结合实际直流具体研究了关键因素剩磁、合闸角、交流系统强度以及直流功率对涌流谐波产生的影响,以换流变合闸涌流为谐波源分析了直流功率、直流运行方式、线路长度对直流中50 Hz谐波传递特性的影响;最后结合各因素的影响规律,在换流变涌流最严重时,分析得到不使直流逆变侧50 Hz保护误动的交流系统强度边界及直流功率边界,为实际工程换流变空投前的系统条件提供参考。